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Alexander Liholiho was born on February 2, 1834 on the island of Oahu to High Chief Mataio Kekuanaoa and Princess Elizabeth Kinau. He was the grandson of Kamehameha Paiea. He was educated at the Chiefs' Childrens School (later renamed Royal School) and at age 14, left to study law. As a toddler, he was adopted by Kamehameha III and declared heir to the throne.

On March 22, 1852, he was appointed to the Privy Council by Kamehameha III and served in the House of Nobles from 1852 to 1854.
Kamehameha III died on December 15, 1854. On January 15, 1855, Alexander Liholiho officially took the oath of Office and became Kamehameha IV, ruling until his death on November 30, 1863. In 1856, he married Emma Rooke as his Queen. Emma was the granddaughter of John Young.

On December 15, 1854, he became King Kamehameha IV and ruled until his death on November 30, 1863.

Lot Kamehameha succeeded as King Kamehameha V on the death of his brother, Kamehameha IV. With the belief that a sovereign’s power should be absolute, not unlike that practiced by his grandfather, King Kamehameha I, Kamehameha V by his own prerogative proclaimed the Constitution of 1864 which strengthened the king’s powers. During his rule the hospital at Kalaupapa, Moloka‘i was established to deal with the leprosy epidemic. Kamehameha V is also credited with preserving the hula tradition which was in disfavor at the time due to moralistic attitudes.

1858-1859. Waimea, Hawaii. Cowboy working for brother John L. King

1860. Photographer, worked for W.F. Howland, Merchant Street
1861. Photographer and photo studio owner/operator, Merchant Street
      1862 Photographer and photo studio owner/operator, King near Fort
      1863-1866. Photographer and photo studio owner/operator, Hilo, Hawaii.
1862. Teacher at Royal School, Honolulu
      1869-1870. Photographer and photo studio owner/operator, Merchant Street 1870. Left Honolulu after pleading guilty to obscenity charges for making photos of women “in positions revolting to common decency.”
1863. H.L. Chase acquired King’s negatives and Yat Sing took over his photo studio on Merchant Street.