Only a limited number of census returns have survived from the nineteenth century. They are available only for the years 1866, 1878, 1890, and 1896, and no one census is wholly complete.
Contains individual enumeration sheets for households, plantations and schools, which list all persons staying on the premises on a designated night. The information varies in detail from census to census but the basic categories include: sex, age, marital status, citizenship/nationality, race, occupation, and ownership of livestock and real property. In addition to information given on each individual, family relationships may often be deduced from these returns.
For the place names covered by each census, see Appendix.
CENSUS OF 1866. 3 lin. inches.
Primarily Lahaina district, Maui; a few sheets for Kahoolawe; and one for the Hilo-Paukaa area on Hawaii. Individual categories are: name; sex; approximate age; marital status; ownership of land (kuleana); country of birth, foreign parentage or half-caste; number of cattle, sheep and goats; and occupation or profession. The census also contains returns for 28 ships in port. Also available on microfilm MFL64.
CENSUS OF 1878. 7 lin. inches.
Lahaina district, Maui; Hamakua district, Hawaii; and Ewa, Waianae and Waialua districts, Oahu. Individual categories are: name; sex; approximate age; marital status; nationality, i.e. native, half-caste, Chinese, Hawaiian born to foreigners, American, German, French, Portuguese or other; occupation, limited to mechanic, agriculturist, plantation laborer or other; and ownership of land (kuleana). Also available on MFL65.
CENSUS OF 1890. 2 lin. ft.
Hamakua, Hilo, North Kohala and to a more limited extent, South Kohala, South Kona and Puna, Hawaii; small areas of Kauai; parts of Hana and Lahaina on Maui; some returns from Molokai and Lanai; and a few returns from Koolaupoko, Waialua and Waianae, Oahu. Individual categories are: name; actual age; sex; marital status; native, half-caste or Hawaiian born to foreigners; country where born; business or occupation; mother of how many children/how many living; registered voter; whether literate, attending school, name of school and teacher; ownership of land and its assessed value. Also available on microfilm MFL66.
CENSUS OF 1895.
Honolulu only, by person's last name. Original fragile. This Census filed in Series 58 Citizen's Guard Commissions. Recorded in Commissions book. Also available on microfilm MFL62.
CENSUS OF 1896. 1.75 lin. inch.
Limited to a few streets in the Honolulu area of Oahu. Individual categories are: name; actual age; sex; marital status; Hawaiian, part Hawaiian or Hawaiian born to foreigners; length of residence; nationality of father; father's citizenship; business or occupation; mother of how many children/how many living; registered voter; literacy in English, Hawaiian, other languages; whether attend government or private school; religion - Protestant, Catholic, Mormon; ownership of land, house; number of cattle, horses, mules, donkey, oxen, sheep, pigs, goats and milk cows. Also available on microfilm MFL62.